Examines how foreign exchange shortages can persist even in the presence of balance-of-payments surpluses, and explores the macroeconomic mechanisms that disconnect external accounting outcomes from actual foreign exchange availability.

Develops a framework for understanding how overheating can be mis-measured in small open developing economies when CPI inflation is a lagging indicator and foreign exchange market pressure is omitted from standard output-gap analysis.

Reconsiders the relationship between tariffs, fiscal policy, and the U.S. trade deficit through a macro-finance lens, with particular attention to balance-sheet adjustment and external financing conditions.

Studies the difference between oil-financed and money-financed fiscal operations, and examines the implications for transparency, macroeconomic management, and public accountability.

Investigates how political pressure influences central bank monetisation of government outlay and shapes Dutch disease dynamics in Ghana and Guyana.

Reassesses fiscal and debt sustainability in open economies and develops an alternative framework that challenges conventional debt rules by incorporating external balance-sheet constraints and macro-financial interactions.

Examines the political economy of ethnic income inequality in Guyana and explores how distributional divisions interact with institutions, political conflict, and long-run development outcomes.