This article examines a fiscal-reporting problem that arises under fiscal dominance: net domestic financing may be recorded as domestic borrowing even when its economic substance reflects central-bank financing of the fiscal deficit.

This paper develops a model in which the composition of fiscal financing determines whether resource booms generate Dutch disease effects. Resource-financed spending can be absorbed through imports, while money-financed spending raises domestic demand without expanding import capacity. The result is real exchange-rate pressure and contraction in the tradable sector. The paper shows that identifying Dutch disease empirically requires attention to monetary diagnostics.

This article derives the open-economy Golden Rule of public finance. While the conventional condition MPK = r* ignores the foreign exchange (FX) footprint of public investment , the correct open-economy Golden Rule requires borrowing until the FX-adjusted MPK = r*.

Examines how foreign exchange shortages can persist even in the presence of balance-of-payments surpluses, and explores the macroeconomic mechanisms that disconnect external accounting outcomes from actual foreign exchange availability.

Develops a framework for understanding how overheating can be mis-measured in small open developing economies when CPI inflation is a lagging indicator and foreign exchange market pressure is omitted from standard output-gap analysis.

Reconsiders the relationship between tariffs, fiscal policy, and the U.S. trade deficit through a macro-finance lens, with particular attention to balance-sheet adjustment and external financing conditions.

Investigates how political pressure influences central bank monetisation of government outlay and shapes Dutch disease dynamics in Ghana and Guyana.

Reassesses fiscal and debt sustainability in open economies and develops an alternative framework that challenges conventional debt rules by incorporating external balance-sheet constraints and macro-financial interactions.

Examines the political economy of ethnic income inequality in Guyana and explores how distributional divisions interact with institutions, political conflict, and long-run development outcomes.